Attribute credit to multiple acquisition touch points

It can be challenging to attribute success of marketing activities without being able to clearly pinpoint which activities led your users to the desired outcome. For example, let's say a user visited your website after exposure to a Google ad, then interacting with a Facebook post, and finally watching a TikTok video. There are many ways you can attribute credit to one or more of the activities that led to the user's visit to your website. Attributing success to various property values, often referred to as multi-touch attribution, can provide more context for and drive the future of your marketing plans. 

Feature availability

This feature is available to users on all Amplitude plans. See our pricing page for more details.

Restrictions

This feature is available to users on all plans. See the pricing page for more details. 

• Starter and Plus plan users can create one channel view

Pre-built attribution models

Amplitude includes common, pre-built attribution models that you can configure on your metric.

Also, when measuring unique users, none of these models generate attribution group totals that sum to the count in the Overall row. This is because each unique user can appear in multiple attribution groups.

• First Touch: Gives all credit for the selected metric to the first property value within the selected lookback window relative to the date the metric occurred.

• Last Touch: Gives all credit for the selected metric to the last property value within the selected lookback window relative to the date the metric occurred.

• Linear: Credit for the selected metric is equally distributed for all property values within the selected lookback window relative to the date the metric occurred. For example, with two properties each would receive 50% credit, and with three properties each would receive 33.3%.

• Participation: Credit for the selected metric is fully allocated to all property values within the selected lookback window relative to the date the metric occurred. For example, with two properties each would receive 100% credit, and with three properties each would receive 100%.

• U-Shaped: Credit for the selected metrics biases credit to the first and last values for the selected property. With two touch points, the middle 20% is equally added to the first and middle touch points (50%, 50%). With four touch points, the middle two touch points would share the 20% (40%, 10%, 10%, 40%).

• J-Shaped: Distributes credit for the selected metrics in a way that biases credit to the more recent values from the selected property. With two touch points, the first 20% is equally added to the last and middle touch points (30%, 70%). With four touch points, the final two touch points would share the 20% (10%, 10%, 20%, 60%).

• Inverse J-Shaped: Distributes credit for the selected metrics in a way that biases credit to the first values from the selected property. With two touch points, the last 20% is equally added to the first and middle touch points (70%, 30%). With four touch points, the last two touch points would share the 20% (60%, 20%, 10%, 10%).

• Data Driven: With this model, Amplitude Analytics relies on a probabilistic algorithm based on first-order Markov chains. Every customer journey—defined here as a sequence of channels or touch points—is represented as a chain in a directed Markov graph, where each node is a possible state (either a channel or a touch point), and the edges represent the probability of transition between states. Next, Amplitude Analytics removes the nodes one by one and estimates the impact of removing nodes on the conversion rate. Each channel gets credit in proportion to its removal effect. In general, you should use this model with properties that don't have a large number of unique values (those with 50 or fewer work best). Learn more about the algorithm here.

  About the Data Driven model

  • The data driven attribution model executes in real time, and calculations may take longer than with other models.
  • The data driven model doesn't count null values.

Configure an attribution model

Inside a data table, you can configure an attribution model on each metric column by following these steps:

1. On the column, first click … , and then Attribution.
2. Select an attribution model and configure a lookback window. Optionally, you can choose to apply the attribution model to all columns in the table.
3. Click Apply to confirm the change and see the table results with the attribution model applied.

Create a custom attribution model

If the pre-built attribution models don't meet your needs, you can also create a custom model. You must be an Admin or Manager to create a custom attribution model. To do so, follow these steps:

1. On the column, click the … options and click Attribution.
2. Select Custom from the model dropdown, which show options for configuring your custom model.
3. Set a name and description for the model so others know how to interpret it.
4. Choose a custom weighting for your model.
   • The first weight applies to the first touch.
   • The last weight applies to the last touch.
   • The middle weight distributes evenly across all touches between. If there are no touches between, the first and last touch each receive half of the middle weight.
     

     Note

     Amplitude recommends that all weights should equal 100%, although it's not required.

5. Set the default lookback window for the model. Optionally, lock the window to ensure others using this model will only be able to use that lookback window.
6. Decide whether you want to share the custom model with others in your organization.
7. If desired, exclude property values from attribution. This may be useful if you don't want to assign credit to a particular value (for example, direct website visits or email).
8. Click on Save to confirm the change, save the model (for yourself and/or others to use in the future), and see the table results with the attribution model applied.

Use cases

• Acquisition channel credit: When analyzing the effectiveness of all organic and paid investments, you can leverage acquisition channels with a multi-touch attribution model to understand how each channel contributes to driving KPI outcomes. Depending on your business model and user behavior, you can analyze which model of attributing credit makes the most sense and make investment decisions based on the contribution of each of your channels to your target metric.
• Comparing attribution models: In longer conversion cycles with multiple session user flows, you can compare the same metric with different attribution models applied. This data supports discovering which attribution model reflects how to efficiently invest marketing dollars and what stage of the customer buying cycle a campaign impacts. For example, when attributing to advertising campaigns, you can find which campaigns tend to be the first interaction (awareness) that a customer has, the last (high intent), or somewhere between (research).
• Content: Use attribution to see not only how often users viewed content but how that content participated in driving a business KPI outcome. Knowing that content has a low bounce/exit rate or longer time spent on a page can be helpful, but you can clarify the business impact by generating a conversion rate based on different attribution models.
• Internal campaigns: Like paid off platform advertising investments, marketing teams invest their time and creative talent to generate offers and brand-building content to drive KPI outcomes. Using attribution on the impact of those marketing efforts can similarly inform your content marketing teams which types of offers and creatives are best at driving both short and long term business value.
• Paid channels with LTV: By combining your attribution model with your behavior-based LTV calculations, you can see a bigger perspective of how much value a paid channel or campaign is driving. This data can unlock potential for greater investments in channels that drive the most long term business value.

Supported attribution types by metric

Each metric type supports a specific set of attribution types:

• Uniques

  • first touch
  • last touch
  • participation
  • markov

• Conversion

  • first touch
  • last touch
  • participation

• Event totals

  • first touch
  • last touch
  • participation
  • linear
  • j-shaped
  • inverse j-shaped
  • u-shaped
  • custom
  • markov

• property sum, revenue total, and formula (clauses: uniques, total, propsum)

  • first touch
  • last touch
  • participation
  • linear
  • j-shaped
  • inverse j-shaped
  • u-shaped
  • custom

Attribution with multiple properties

The attribution model applies only to the property in the outermost group by level. Properties in inner group by levels don't undergo attribution modeling. Instead, they inherit their values from the attributed event.

In this example, the attribution model applies only to the Channel, as its the outermost group by property.

utm_source, as an inner group by property derives its value from the attributed events, rather than applying attribution separately.

Attribution example calculation

Here is a brief example to highlight the differences between attribution models and lookback windows.

Suppose a user has three touch points before the Sign Up event, each with a different UTM source:

Here are some example combinations of the attribution model and lookback window and the resulting attribution of credit to each UTM source.